RENBAVDVS

Watch all the episodes back to back (lucky you!) :

Pilgrim. Term used to name those participating to the First Crusade. The term Crucesignatus (crusader) will come later.

Nobody’s property

In medieval Europe, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year. At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter.

Ancient cultures, including those as varied as the Romans and the Hindus, celebrated New Year’s Day on or around April 1. It closely follows the vernal equinox (March 20th or March 21st.) In medieval times, much of Europe celebrated March 25, the Feast of Annunciation, as the beginning of the new year.

Capsella is an annual and very common plant known also as Shepherd’s purse or bourse-à-pasteur. For more about its usages look in English, also here and in French.

Member; companion; associate; individual.

Wasca, daughter of Rainier, when she became a nun between 1066-1076, gave 5 arpents of vineyard and land at Longueville with the agreement of her brother Hilduin.

Wimer, wife of Ansfrey the Senechal, gave the fief of Ectot.

Hadvise, gave half the land of O with the church and tithes (before 1050?).

Clara, cousin of William, gave the land she held at Le Vauvray.

Adela, wife of Gerald Boctoy, gave her own land of Beaumont.

Rohaise became a nun and her father Ralph gave some land from Vitreville.

Benselina became a nun and gave a possessions in Salmonville. Her husband, Ralph Giffard gave the church of Bellefosse and the tithe, plus 12 acres of land the abbess purchased.

Advenia, daughter of Teobald (Teobald, brother of Robert of Epouville??)

The nephew of King Arduin of Italy, he was prior, then, abbot of Fecamp and succeeded of William of Volpiano in 1031. They actually came together from the St. Benignus monastery of Dijon. In 1080, with Richard of Chaumont, he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and was captured but he escaped and came back to die in 1082 at the abbey.

The abbey of Montivilliers was a nunnery founded at the end of the 7th century and located in Normandy, France.

Destroyed by the Vikings invasions it was rebuilt in 1035 by the Duke of Normandy, Robert the Magnificent. The abbey was prosperous up until the Hundred Years’ war. Then its fortunes declined until the French revolution at the end of the 18th century when it was closed and sold. Fortunately it was not destroyed and was later bought back by the city of Montivilliers. An ambitious restoration program which was completed in 2000 gave back to the abbey its splendor. Besides the church, it now houses exhibition rooms and the cloister has regained its elegance.

More on MP3Travel

Also known as Malasgirt, it’s a city located in Eastern Turkey. In 1071, a battle resulted in one of the worst defeat for the Byzantine empire against the Seljuks Turks. The emperor was even captured and most of his army routed. It opened the doors for the Turk colonisation of Anatolia.

More on Wikipedia